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- <text id=91TT1174>
- <title>
- May 27, 1991: Hail Columbus, Dead White Male
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1991
- May 27, 1991 Orlando
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- ESSAY, Page 74
- Hail Columbus, Dead White Male
- </hdr><body>
- <p>By Charles Krauthammer
- </p>
- <p> The 500th anniversary of 1492 is approaching. Remember
- 1492? "In Fourteen Hundred Ninety-Two/ Columbus sailed the ocean
- blue." Discovery and exploration. Bolivar and Jefferson. Liberty
- and democracy. The last best hope for man.
- </p>
- <p> The left is not amused.
- </p>
- <p> In Madrid the Association of Indian Cultures announces
- that it will mark the occasion with acts of "sabotage." In the
- U.S. the Columbus in Context Coalition declares that the coming
- event provides "progressives" with their best political opening
- "since the Vietnam War." The National Council of Churches (NCC)
- condemns the "discovery" as "an invasion and colonization with
- legalized occupation, genocide, economic exploitation and a deep
- level of institutional racism and moral decadence." One of its
- leaders calls for "a year of repentance and reflection rather
- than a year of celebration."
- </p>
- <p> For the left, the year comes just in time. The revolutions
- of 1989 having put a dent in the case for the degeneracy of the
- West, 1992 offers a welcome new point of attack. The point is
- the Origin. The villain is Columbus. The crime is the discovery--the rape--of America.
- </p>
- <p> The attack does, however, present the left with some
- rather exquisite problems of political correctness. After all,
- Columbus was an agent of Spain, and his most direct legacy is
- Hispanic America. The denunciation of the Spanish legacy as one
- of cruelty and greed has moved one Hispanic leader to call the
- NCC's resolution "a racist depreciation of the heritages of most
- of today's American peoples, especially Hispanics."
- </p>
- <p> That same resolution opened an even more ancient debate
- between Protestants and Catholics over the colonization of the
- Americas. For Catholics like historian James Muldoon, the
- (Protestant) attack on Columbus and on the subsequent missionary
- work of the (Catholic) church in the Americas is little more
- than a resurrection, a few centuries late, of the Black Legend
- that was a staple of anti-Catholic propaganda during the
- Reformation.
- </p>
- <p> The crusade continues nonetheless. Kirkpatrick Sale kicked
- off the anticelebration with his anti-Columbus tome, The
- Conquest of Paradise. The group Encounter plans to celebrate
- 1992 by sailing three ships full of Indians to "discover" Spain.
- Similar merriment is to be expected wherever a quorum gathers
- to honor 1492.
- </p>
- <p> The attack on 1492 has two parts. First, establishing the
- villainy of Columbus and his progeny (i.e., us). Columbus is
- "the deadest whitest male now offered for our detestation,"
- writes Garry Wills. "If any historical figure can appropriately
- be loaded up with all the heresies of our time--Eurocentrism,
- phallocentrism, imperialism, elitism and
- all-bad-things-generally-ism--Columbus is the man."
- </p>
- <p> Therefore, goodbye, Columbus? Balzac once suggested that
- all great fortunes are founded on a crime. So too all great
- civilizations. The European conquest of the Americas, like the
- conquest of other civilizations, was indeed accompanied by great
- cruelty. But that is to say nothing more than that the European
- conquest of America was, in this way, much like the rise of
- Islam, the Norman conquest of Britain and the widespread
- American Indian tradition of raiding, depopulating and
- appropriating neighboring lands.
- </p>
- <p> The real question is, What eventually grew on this
- bloodied soil? The answer is, The great modern civilizations of
- the Americas--a new world of individual rights, an ever
- expanding circle of liberty and, twice in this century, a savior
- of the world from totalitarian barbarism.
- </p>
- <p> If we are to judge civilizations like individuals, they
- should all be hanged, because with individuals it takes but one
- murder to merit a hanging. But if one judges civilizations by
- what they have taken from and what they have given the world,
- a nonjaundiced observer--say, one of the millions in Central
- Europe and Asia whose eyes are turned with hope toward America--would surely bless the day Columbus set sail.
- </p>
- <p> Thus Part I of the anti-'92 crusade is calumny for
- Columbus and his legacy. Part II is hagiography, singing of the
- saintedness of the Indians in their pre-Columbian Eden, a land
- of virtue, empathy and ecological harmony. With Columbus, writes
- Sale, Europe "implanted its diseased and dangerous seeds in the
- soils of the continents that represented the last best hope for
- humankind--and destroyed them."
- </p>
- <p> Last best hope? No doubt, some Indian tribes (the Hopis,
- for example) were tree-hugging pacifists. But the notion that
- pre-Columbian America was a hemisphere of noble savages is an
- adolescent fantasy (rather lushly, if ludicrously, animated in
- Dances with Wolves).
- </p>
- <p> Take the Incas. Inca civilization, writes Peruvian
- novelist Mario Vargas Llosa, was a "pyramidal and theocratic
- society" of "totalitarian structure" in which "the individual
- had no importance and virtually no existence." Its foundation?
- "A state religion that took away the individual's free will and
- crowned the authority's decision with the aura of a divine
- mandate turned the Tawantinsuyu [Incan empire] into a
- beehive."
- </p>
- <p> True, the beehive was wantonly destroyed by "semiliterate,
- implacable and greedy swordsmen." But they in turn represented
- a culture in which "a social space of human activities had
- evolved that was neither legislated nor controlled by those in
- power." In other words, a culture of liberty that endowed the
- individual human being with dignity and sovereignty.
- </p>
- <p> Is it Eurocentric to believe the life of liberty is
- superior to the life of the beehive? That belief does not
- justify the cruelty of the conquest. But it does allow us to say
- that after 500 years the Columbian legacy has created a
- civilization that we ought not, in all humble piety and cultural
- relativism, declare to be no better or worse than that of the
- Incas. It turned out better.
- </p>
- <p> And mankind is the better for it. Infinitely better.
- Reason enough to honor Columbus and bless 1492.
- </p>
-
- </body></article>
- </text>
-
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